In a Chinese population study, which involved more than 1,500 males aged ≥18 years, the prevalence rate was 9.4%. Another population-based study (Boston Area Community Health study) involving more than 2,300 males aged 30 to 79 years in the United States reported a prevalence rate of 8.7%. In a population-based study (EPIC study) that involved more than 8,000 males aged ≥18 years in five Western countries, the prevalence rate of PMD was 5.5%. However, the HPMDQ has not yet been validated, and further studies are needed to prove its clinical utility. to allow for the assessment of various aspects of PMD, including frequency, severity, bother, quality of life, and response to treatment. Recently, the Hallym Post-Micturition Dribble Questionnaire (HPMDQ) was introduced to assess PMD ( Supplementary material). However, the DAN-PSS-1 questionnaire does not include information on the frequency of PMD or its effect on quality of life, although the severity of symptoms and associated bother can be assessed. ![]() Therefore, most studies have used the Danish Prostatic Symptom Score (DAN-PSS-1) or questionnaires developed by researchers to assess PMD. However, PMD cannot be assessed by using the IPSS, because there are no questions concerning PMD on the IPSS. The International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) is the most widely used tool for the evaluation of LUTS. Terminal dribble is classified as a voiding symptom and is the term used when an individual describes a prolonged final part of micturition when the flow has slowed to a trickle or dribble. PMD is completely distinguishable from terminal dribble. It is classified as a post-micturition symptom, according to the standardization of terminology of LUTS by the International Continence Society. ![]() The term PMD is used to describe the involuntary loss of urine immediately after an individual finishes passing urine, usually after leaving the toilet in males or after rising from the toilet in females.
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